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What Is an ITIN? How to Apply for and Use the ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) Issued by the IRS

What is an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number)?

An ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) is issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to people who aren't eligible for a Social Security number (SSN), usually foreign nationals or individuals who can't provide proof of legal status. It's a 9-digit number, and like a Social Security number (SSN), an ITIN is used for filing taxes and other tax purposes.

What an ITIN is used for

  1. Filing taxes
    The ITIN was created mainly for filing taxes with the IRS. If you work in the U.S. and can't get an SSN, you need to use an ITIN to file your taxes.
  2. Opening a bank account
    In some cases, banks may accept an ITIN to open an account, especially for non-U.S. citizens who can't provide an SSN.
  3. Building credit
    Some lenders or credit card companies may also let you use an ITIN to build a credit history, which helps you build credit in the U.S.

Who can apply for an ITIN

  • People not eligible for an SSN: for example, foreign nationals, spouses or children.
  • People with U.S. tax obligations: including resident aliens in the U.S., foreigners working in the U.S., and others.

Steps to apply for an ITIN:

  1. Fill out Form W-7
    First, you need to fill out the IRS's Form W-7, which you can download from the IRS website (IRS Form W-7 download).
  2. Provide identity documents
    You need to submit a valid identity document (such as a passport). The IRS requires originals or certified copies.
  3. Submit your application
    Mail the completed Form W-7, your identity documents and any other required materials together to the designated IRS address. You can also submit your application through an IRS-authorized Acceptance Agent.
  4. Wait for processing
    An ITIN application usually takes 6 to 8 weeks to process, and your ITIN will be sent to you by mail.

The difference between an ITIN and an SSN:

  • SSN (Social Security number): mainly for U.S. citizens or legal residents; used for Social Security benefits, filing taxes, working and more.
  • ITIN: mainly for tax purposes; it doesn't provide Social Security benefits or work authorization.

Common misconceptions about the ITIN:

  1. An ITIN is not a work permit
    People with an ITIN still need legal work authorization to work in the U.S. An ITIN is only for filing taxes.
  2. An ITIN does not mean permanent status
    An ITIN doesn't mean the holder has legal status in the U.S. It's only an identification number for filing taxes.

Why using an ITIN matters

  • An ITIN is your key tool for filing taxes legally in the U.S. If you don't have an SSN, having an ITIN makes sure you can file legally and take part in other matters involving finances or building credit.

Bottom Line

An ITIN is a very important tool for foreign nationals in the U.S. who can't get an SSN and for people without proof of legal status. It not only helps you file taxes in the U.S., but can also help you open a bank account and build some credit history. If you qualify, apply for an ITIN as early as possible so you can handle all kinds of tax and credit matters.

I'm C.  I'm from Taiwan and now run a business in Los Angeles. When I first arrived, the challenges were everywhere! From the language barrier to culture shock, every small detail took me a long time to figure out. Those experiences taught me how to adapt quickly here, until I was in my element. I've put years of that experience on this site to help newcomers like me settle into life in the U.S. more easily and quickly. Whether it's moving here, finding a job or handling everyday tasks, you'll find plenty of practical shortcuts and solutions so you can skip the detours. I hope what I share helps you start your new life in America smoothly, with less effort and a lot more fun!

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